You Can Literally Die From a Broken Heart | Broken Heart Syndrome
You Can Literally Die From a Broken Heart | Broken Heart Syndrome
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In this video, Justin from the Institute of Human Anatomy discusses Broken Heart Syndrome and the anatomy of the heart.
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Video Timeline
00:00 - 00:33 Intro
00:34 - 00:55 Why Name It Takotsubo?
00:56 - 03:05 Heart Tour
03:06 - 04:21 Cause of Broken Heart Syndrome
04:22 - 05:10 What’s Happening to the Heart?
05:11 - 05:35 Diagnosing Broken Heart Syndrome
05:36 - 05:57 Why Does It Affect Females More?
05:58 - 06:35 The Good News
06:36 - 06:55 Shameless Plugs
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Heart Picture Credit: Stenemo
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Content
0.24 -> You can literally die from a broken heart —
it's called "Broken Heart Syndrome", and if
4.48 -> that wasn't depressing enough for you, if you're
a female — it's more likely to happen to you!
9.6 -> But all is not lost!
11.28 -> I know Valentine's Day is quickly
approaching, and the way I started
15.2 -> this video is probably not the most uplifting
thing you've heard in your entire life...
18.96 -> But if you stick with me, we
will end on a positive note,
22.8 -> and you'll have learned something pretty cool
along the way... or at least that's my hope.
26.16 -> So lovebirds — let's do this!
33.76 -> So first of all, "Broken Heart Syndrome"
really isn't the best name for it.
37.04 -> It's more properly known as Takatsubo
Cardiomyopathy, which is Japanese
41.76 -> for "heart muscle problem that
looks like an octopus trap"...
45.52 -> and you're probably already
sitting there, like... what???
48.48 -> The thing is though, it's actually pretty
good name because the heart balloons out,
51.68 -> and it does in fact look like the
pot that's used to catch octopus.
56.08 -> In order to figure out what's going wrong here,
57.92 -> let's first orient ourselves
with the heart itself.
60.4 -> So the first thing you're going to notice
is that we've made a few incisions,
63.6 -> and that's so we can see inside to
more effectively and properly teach
68.8 -> You are looking at an anterior
view — or the front of the heart.
72.56 -> And then this would be a posterior
view, or the back side of the heart.
76.56 -> Now the heart is more or less divided into
79.04 -> half — there's a right deoxygenated
half, and a left oxygenated half.
84 -> Within those two halves, there are two
chambers, so you have four total chambers.
88.64 -> The first chamber we can see is
right here, called the right atrium.
93.68 -> This is going to collect deoxygenated
blood, and it's going to send it
99.12 -> through this valve — which you can kind
of see a bit right there if I can kind
102.24 -> of get this out of the way —
called the tricuspid valve.
104.72 -> And we are now inside of the right ventricle.
108.48 -> The right ventricle will then contract, and send
it through this blood vessel that we have cut — so
113.28 -> if I could connect that, that would be one
singular blood vessel called the pulmonary trunk.
117.36 -> And it's going to send that deoxygenated
blood to the lungs — makes perfect sense,
121.68 -> right? You've got to get oxygen.
123.36 -> The lungs are then going to send the blood back
— freshly oxygenated — into this chamber here
129.84 -> called the left atrium.
131.28 -> The left atrium will then send
the blood through another valve,
135.04 -> which you can see a bit right here, called
the mitral valve or the bicuspid valve, into
141.68 -> this gigantic chamber here
called the left ventricle.
145.36 -> It's much more massive,
much stronger, much larger.
148.8 -> The left ventricle will then
contract and send the blood
152.72 -> out this gigantic blood vessel here
called the aorta — and it is massive.
157.44 -> It's the size of a garden hose — pretty big.
159.84 -> And that will then distribute the
oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
163.36 -> But we also need to focus here because
we're gonna be spending most of our
166.08 -> time talking about the left ventricle here.
168.24 -> This point — this point is
called the apex of the heart.
172.24 -> And then the apex — oh, well
then besides the apex you're
175.52 -> also going to have this upper portion
called the base of the left ventricle.
179.36 -> And both of those are going to
play an extremely important role
182 -> with Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
or, "Broken Heart Syndrome."
185.44 -> So what's happening with "Broken Heart Syndrome?"
187.28 -> We actually don't know....
189.6 -> That's because the exact pathophysiology
is still currently unknown.
192.96 -> But what we do know
194.64 -> is that the patient usually suffers from
some kind of emotional trauma beforehand.
199.12 -> So you can go ahead and fill in the blank here
— maybe the IRS contacts you for an immense
203.28 -> amount of back taxes... maybe you lose your job...
maybe you lose a loved one... so on and so forth.
209.12 -> But besides this emotional trauma, we
do find the presence of something called
212.88 -> catecholamines, and these are gonna be things like
215.36 -> epinephrine and norepinephrine, which
you probably know better as adrenaline.
219.6 -> And this should make perfect sense to you, right?
221.12 -> So if you're experiencing an emotional trauma,
222.8 -> your heart's gonna start
beating like crazy, right?
224.56 -> Those adrenaline levels are gonna spike, and it
could actually be that the spike in adrenaline
230.88 -> and the presence of all these catecholamines
are what cause Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy.
236.48 -> The reason why some think that, is because
we see elevated levels of catecholamines
241.44 -> in other heart conditions, so it kind of
seems plausible that too much adrenaline
246.8 -> could literally cause you
— or your heart to break.
249.84 -> But at the same time, we do have other theories
out there, and if I were to place my bet,
255.84 -> it would be that there are multiple
things all happening at once — it's
259.84 -> not just going to be the presence of adrenaline.
261.92 -> So regardless of what causes it, what's
happening to the heart — or at least to
265.36 -> this pointed portion called the
apex — is that it balloons out.
270 -> But not only does it balloon out, this
upper portion of the left ventricle that
273.84 -> I'm touching with my index fingers here,
called the base, is going to contract.
278.8 -> So if you have this contracture and
this ballooning at the same time,
283.84 -> that's what gives that typical octopus trap shape.
287.76 -> The problem with this — besides the fact that
the heart is literally getting bigger — is that
291.12 -> when the apex balloons out, it's no longer
going to be able to contract effectively,
296.08 -> meaning it's not going to be able to eject
299.52 -> an adequate amount of blood out of the aorta,
to be delivered to the rest of the body.
304.4 -> Remember, this blood is oxygenated and that's
literally what your entire body runs off of.
310.48 -> This is why it can be so difficult
311.84 -> to properly diagnose broken heart
syndrome in its earliest stages.
314.88 -> That's because the symptoms are
so closely aligned with other
317.84 -> types of heart conditions, such as a heart attack.
319.92 -> You're gonna experience chest pain
and shortness of breath, for instance.
323.04 -> That means the only way to
properly diagnose whether you
325.92 -> have a heart attack or some other heart
failure or Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy,
330.08 -> is to do tests, such as an ECG, an
echocardiogram, an angiogram, or an MRI.
335.6 -> Now you may be wondering... "Justin — why
does it affect females more than males?
341.2 -> That's very strange!"
342.72 -> And to you, I would say....
343.92 -> "That's a good question... that
we don't have an answer for."
348.16 -> But it's even more than that!
349.76 -> Not only does it affect females more than
males, it affects post-menopausal females
354.8 -> more so — and we also don't know why!
357.76 -> So I can see you right now saying...
358.96 -> "Hey Justin, you said we're
going to end on a good note!"
361.76 -> And you're right — I did.
364 -> You ready for some fantastic news?
366.8 -> You're not all that likely to die from it!
368.56 -> Most patients fully recover, unless they
have some other underlying condition.
372.64 -> That's because it has a fantastic
prognosis, when you compare it to
375.92 -> other heart conditions such as a heart
attack or other types of heart failure.
379.52 -> In fact, the left ventricle more
or less will return to normal
383.12 -> after a few months of rest and some
medications, such as beta blockers.
387.6 -> So yes — it may be possible to die from a
broken heart, but it's not all that probable.
394 -> So that sounds like some good news to me!
395.68 -> Thanks for watching everybody!
396.64 -> I really hope you enjoyed this one!
398.16 -> As always be sure, to like, comment,
subscribe, and hit that notification
401.28 -> bell that way you can be the first person
to see all of our content as it comes out.
404.4 -> But as always, I will see you in the next video.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBNfOg0FxDM