Blood Pressure Basics (How Does It Work) & Hypertension Treatment | Pharmacology | Lecturio Nursing
Aug 24, 2023
Blood Pressure Basics (How Does It Work) & Hypertension Treatment | Pharmacology | Lecturio Nursing
In this video “Blood Pressure Basics (How Does It Work) \u0026 Hypertension Treatment” you will learn to:http://lectur.io/bloodpressureoverview https://nursing.lecturio.com/#/ http://lectur.io/leadershipnursing http://lectur.io/dosagecalcnursing http://lectur.io/physiologynursing http://lectur.io/medsurgnursing http://lectur.io/pharmacologynursing http://lectur.io/pharmnclexnursing http://lectur.io/pediatricnursing http://lectur.io/studyskillsnursing http://lectur.io/fundamentalstheory http://lectur.io/fundamentalsclinical … http://lectur.io/nursingprerequisites http://lectur.io/mentalhealthnursing http://lectur.io/maternalnewbornnursing https://app.adjust.com/z21zrf https://app.adjust.com/b01fak http://lectur.io/subscribenursing http://lectur.io/nursingplaylists www.facebook.com/lecturio.nursing www.instagram.com/lecturio_nursing https://discord.gg/Ue95WDxCrp www.tiktok.com/@lecturio_nursing
Content
0.792 -> Hi, and welcome to 1 of our video about the
medications we use to treat hypertension.
6.442 -> In this 1, we're going to focus on the
renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
11.545 -> We call that the RAAS.
15.28 -> Now, let's do a quick review
of blood pressure categories.
19.091 -> You're going to see those appear behind me.
21.5 -> Remember that normal is < 120
systolic, < 80 diastolic.
27.114 -> You're starting to get into the elevated
range when you're 120 - 129, or
32.931 -> Stage 1 hypertension is 130 - 139,
or 80 - 89 diastolic.
39.325 -> High blood pressure stage 2 is
140 or higher on a systolic reading,
44.451 -> 90 or higher on a diastolic reading.
47.554 -> Now, we use the number 180/120 to
indicate a severe hypertensive crisis.
54.502 -> This patient is in immediate --
56.371 -> in imminent danger and needs to
be at the hospital for treatment.
60.342 -> So this is just a quick review of
the blood pressure categories.
63.714 -> If you haven't got a chance yet, make sure
you check out our Blood Pressure video.
68.685 -> Okay, now we use lots of different
medications to treat hypertension.
72.885 -> So I'm going to kind of give you an overview
of some of the medications that we use,
77.371 -> and some study tips.
79.531 -> So, ACE inhibitors are angiotensin-
converting enzyme inhibitors,
85.605 -> but we just call them ACE inhibitors for short.
88.754 -> If you look at their generic ending,
they all end in P-R-I-L.
94.811 -> So when you're looking at generic names, this will
help you remember like if you can't recognize
99.468 -> what family or category the drug goes into,
you want to look for the ending P-R-I-L,
105.219 -> and you've got a pretty good chance
that it's an ACE inhibitor.
109.405 -> Angiotensin II receptor blockers
are ARBs and they end in "tan,"
115.537 -> and we'll talk about those drugs as
we move through the rest of the video.
119.668 -> Beta-adrenergic blockers are also
called beta blockers for short,
124.502 -> and they end in "olol," O-L-O-L.
128.96 -> And finally, calcium channel blockers,
some of them end in "pine," P-I-N-E.
135.074 -> So, make sure that you circle those things
that we have in quotation in your notes,
139.811 -> and that's going to come up very helpful as
you're memorizing generic drug names,
144.251 -> and which family they belong to.
146.897 -> Now, some other medications that we use to
treat hypertension are sympatholytic drugs.
152.965 -> We're talking about drugs
other than beta blockers.
155.434 -> In other videos, we've discussed
sympathomimetic drugs.
160.24 -> Those are things that imitate the sympathetic
nervous system being stimulated.
165.017 -> This is the opposite.
166.697 -> So, underline the letters L-Y-T-I-C.
170.48 -> Lytic means to -- go against.
173.125 -> So, sympatholytic drugs will do the opposite
of what the sympathetic nervous system does.
179.657 -> So, since the sympathetic nervous system causes--
184.451 -> potent vasoconstriction and your
heart go faster rate to go faster,
187.571 -> sympatholytic drugs will do the opposite.
192.068 -> Direct vasodilators are
another group of medications
195.057 -> that we use to treat high blood
pressure or hypertension.
198.434 -> They directly vasodilate and we end
up with a lower blood pressure.
204.4 -> Now we have another group that sounds really
intimidating, but I promise that it isn't,
208.251 -> but it's selective aldosterone-receptor
antagonists or blockers.
213.565 -> The words "antagonist" or "blocker"
are usually used interchangeably,
217.914 -> so don't let that confuse you when you see it.
220.011 -> Beta blockers, beta-adrenergic antagonist,
selective aldosterone receptor antagonist,
226.39 -> or we could also call them
selective aldosterone blockers,
229.314 -> it would mean the same thing.
231.28 -> So that gives you an overview of the types
of big groups of medication
235.462 -> that we'll be looking at
through the multiple videos.
238 -> Now, blood pressure, remember, that's the
pressure in the blood in the circulatory system,
242.04 -> the whole thing; the arteries,
the veins, and the capillaries.
245.845 -> So that's what your blood pressure is.
248.6 -> When you measure a blood pressure,
when you use a sphygmomanometer
251.885 -> to actually measure a patient's blood pressure,
254.16 -> you're looking at the systolic
pressure and the diastolic pressure.
258.662 -> Now, if you haven't watched
our blood pressure video yet,
260.685 -> you probably don't know why my
hand is moving up and down,
263.617 -> but remember, the systolic blood pressure
is the number that goes on the top.
267.274 -> That's the pressure that the heart
269.274 -> pushes against those vessels
and the arteries, blood leaving.
272.485 -> And the diastolic blood pressure
274.537 -> is when that heart is getting its own
perfusion of oxygenated blood.
279.868 -> So let's look at the 5 key players in
your body for maintaining a normal,
285.88 -> adequate blood pressure, okay?
287.84 -> Number 1 are the arterioles.
290.314 -> They're kind of like the control valves.
292.891 -> So if we can impact those arteriole valves,
295.04 -> we can have a really significant
impact on blood pressure.
298.434 -> So number 1 are the arterioles.
301.114 -> Think of them as the control valves
303.2 -> for maintaining a certain level
of pressure in your system.
306.794 -> Baroreceptors.
308.2 -> Now these things are really cool.
310.011 -> There's the sensory nerves in the
carotid sinus and aortic arches.
314.297 -> Now, they're kind of like alarms in the hospital,
and I know when I worked in intensive care,
321.148 -> you would have certain patients that just --
the alarms kept going off and off and off,
324.417 -> but there really wasn't something wrong.
327.085 -> So we would kind of readjust the alarms
based on whatever that patient needed.
331.72 -> Also, in nursing school, you might think of
baroreceptors as that kind of friend
336.822 -> that every day is a crisis.
338.35 -> You know what I'm talking about?
339.582 -> You first meet somebody, and they have
something that's really distressing.
343.725 -> And so, at first, you feel bad for them,
but then, day after day after day,
349.314 -> you realize every day is a crisis for them?
351.914 -> Yeah.
352.645 -> Well, barrel receptors are
pretty sensitive to that too.
355.76 -> Just like if I'm dealing with a
person that everything's a crisis,
358.942 -> you realize that a hangnail
is a crisis in their life,
361.902 -> you start to not getting really engaged.
364.08 -> You stop getting really engaged with
them every time they get all distressed.
368.188 -> You'll learn that, "All right, I
need to just give them some time.
370.92 -> Since everything is a big deal to them, I'm not
going to get real upset every time they do."
376.805 -> Baroreceptors recognize the
same thing in the body.
379.988 -> Just like that friend that always is elevated
and always kind of out of control,
384.491 -> baroreceptors can actually reset themselves.
387.628 -> Just like in the hospital, nurses can
reset alarms to match the patient.
391.948 -> When you have a friend who's driving
you nuts because they're so crazy,
395.96 -> you learn not to get real excited every day
with them, baroreceptors learn that,
400.88 -> "Wow, this person's blood pressure is up all the
time," so they read just their response level.
407.268 -> It's a really cool thing about these sensory
nerves in the carotid sinus and aortic arch.
412.754 -> Now, this is another one of those words
that I thought was so fun to say
416.8 -> when I started nursing
school, medulla oblongata.
420.11 -> It just sounds cool, right?
422.034 -> So you should probably say that
at home, wherever you are.
424.5 -> Please practice it.
425.537 -> Medulla oblongata, it's pretty cool.
428.137 -> But it's the cardiovascular center of your brain.
431.702 -> So, we've hit 3 of the 5 key players: the
arterioles, they have the major control valves.
438.822 -> The baroreceptors,
440.337 -> they are those sensory nerves in the
crowded sinus and the aortic arch.
444.16 -> Remember, what's cool about them is they can reset.
446.822 -> They start to realize that we can change
that alarm level in the body when --
451.571 -> in regards to blood pressure.
453.12 -> And the medulla oblongata, the
cardiovascular center of the brain.
458.605 -> Let's look at numbers 4 and 5.
460.96 -> Now you have hormones, as I say, hormones
that come from the adrenal medulla.
467.034 -> Now, the adrenal medulla is in the adrenal
gland, so where do you think that is located?
473.708 -> Well, the adrenal glands sit
on top of your kidneys.
477.365 -> They're not part of the kidney, but
they sit on top of the kidneys.
480.314 -> That's why we call them adrenal glands.
482.457 -> Medulla is 1 of the 2 parts of the adrenal gland.
485.577 -> You have an adrenal medulla
and adrenal cortex.
489.577 -> Now, the adrenal cortex is 1 that puts out
492.011 -> corticosteroids, glucocorticoids,
those other hormones.
496.805 -> But when we're talking about
maintaining blood pressure,
499.971 -> we're addressing things
in the adrenal medulla, okay?
503.286 -> So, we've got arterioles, baroreceptors,
the medulla oblongata,
508.88 -> and the hormones from the adrenal medulla.
513.314 -> Finally, you've got the renin
angiotensin aldosterone system,
518.525 -> and we're going to dig deeper into that
in an upcoming part to the video.
522.297 -> We'll call it the RAAS just for short because some
of these mouthfuls take a lot of time just to say,
528.2 -> but I want you to stop, pause the video, see
how many of these 5 key players you can recall
534.634 -> without looking at your notes
and try to write them down.
545.365 -> Okay, good work.
547.114 -> I hope you didn't cheat
yourself by not trying to -- I --
550.422 -> Don't look at your notes until you've
really tried to recall those 5 players.
555.291 -> The reason that's so beneficial
for you is the energy,
557.874 -> the mental energy that you put into recall
560.674 -> is a good way to encode that
information into your brains.
564.097 -> Why do you want it encoded?
565.85 -> Because information
that's encoded successfully
568.914 -> gets moved over to your working
memory and your long-term memory
573.348 -> and that's where it's going to be
available to you when you need it.
576.531 -> So it's okay if you try and then you can't
remember all of them, then look at your notes.
580.72 -> But the more effort you can apply into
remembering these things as we go along,
585.274 -> the better your results are
going to be in the long run.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vwUmcWhQ5N8
