The pathophysiology, risk factors, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment associated with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). The pathophysiology, risk factors, signs/symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and nursing care associated with pulmonary hypertension.
Our Medical-Surgical video tutorial series is taught by Cathy Parkes BSN, RN, CWCN, PHN and intended to help RN and PN nursing students study for their nursing school exams, including the ATI, HESI and NCLEX.
0:00 What to Expect 0:17 Interstitial Lung Disease 1:00 Pathophysiology 1:33 Risk Factors of Interstitial Lung Disease 2:22 Pulmonary Hypertension 3:06 Risk Factors of Pulmonary Hypertension 3:29 Signs and Symptoms 3:40 Diagnosis 3:55 Treatments 4:29 Quiz Time!
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Content
0.24 -> Hi. I'm Cathy with Level Up RN. In this video, we
are going to talk about interstitial lung disease
6.24 -> as well as pulmonary hypertension. And at the end
of the video, I'm going to give you guys a quick
12 -> little quiz to test your knowledge of some of
the key facts I will be covering in this video.
17.76 -> So interstitial lung disease is really an
umbrella term used for a group of restrictive
25.92 -> lung disorders that cause stiff and non-compliant
lungs. So when we talked about asthma, COPD
34.24 -> and cystic fibrosis, those are obstructive lung
diseases. So the primary issue with obstructive
42 -> lung diseases is the inability to exhale
completely, get the air out of the lungs. With
49.52 -> restrictive lung disorders, such
as interstitial lung disease,
53.6 -> we have issues getting air into the lungs
because of those stiff and non-compliant lungs.
60.16 -> So the pathophysiology behind this condition
is that we have chronic inflammation of
66.4 -> the lungs that causes the replacement of
healthy lung tissue with fibrotic scar tissue.
74.4 -> Risk factors associated with this disorder
include environmental inhalants like asbestos,
80.88 -> immune dysfunction, and then something called
sarcoidosis, which is an auto-immune disorder
87.52 -> that causes the formation of these nodules in
the lungs. In terms of the signs and symptoms
94.8 -> of interstitial lung disease, your patient
may have a cough, they may have dyspnea,
100.8 -> so difficulty breathing, chest discomfort,
fatigue, and clubbing. So clubbing,
108.08 -> if you don't remember, is kind of the enlargement
of the fingertips with spoon-shaped fingernails,
114.8 -> so kind of rounded, upside-down spoons.
In terms of diagnosis, we can use pulmonary
121.6 -> function tests, a chest X ray, and a lung biopsy
to help diagnose this group of disorders. In terms
130.4 -> of treatment, oxygen therapy can be used. We
can also give the patient anti-inflammatories
136.16 -> such as corticosteroids, and then long
term, a lung transplant may be necessary.
142.4 -> Now, let's talk about pulmonary hypertension.
And as the name suggests, we have hypertension,
148.48 -> so high blood pressure in the lungs. And this
is due to narrowing of the arteries in the lungs
155.92 -> and increased vascular resistance. So if you
think about the blood flow through the heart,
161.84 -> we have blood coming in to the right atrium and
then the right ventricle and then to the lungs.
168.08 -> And if we have this increased resistance in
the lungs, then that blood is going to back
173.76 -> up into the right ventricle and cause
enlargement of that right ventricle.
179.28 -> So this is something called cor pulmonale. It's
a key complication with pulmonary hypertension.
186.48 -> In terms of the risk factors associated with
this condition, cardiac defects or disease
193.04 -> will be some key risk factors, as well
as lung disease and a pulmonary embolism.
199.28 -> Symptoms may include dyspnea, so
difficulty breathing, fatigue,
204.88 -> pallor, chest pain upon exertion, and then with
that backup of blood into the right ventricle,
214 -> we may end up with right-sided heart failure,
which can cause edema in the patient.
220.08 -> In terms of diagnosis, we can do a diagnosis of
this condition using an echocardiogram, a cardiac
227.68 -> catheterization, and then with hemodynamics, we'll
find an increase in pulmonary artery pressure.
235.28 -> Treatment includes diuretics to try to get
rid of excess fluid, digoxin to help the
241.36 -> heart beat more effectively, and vasodilators.
In terms of nursing care, we would administer
248.08 -> oxygen as ordered. We would implement fluid
restriction for right-sided heart failure
254.48 -> if indicated. We also want to closely monitor
the patient's eyes and nose, their daily weight,
260.88 -> and also encourage the patient to take
frequent rest periods because of the
265.6 -> fatigue associated with pulmonary hypertension.
Okay. Time for a quiz. I have two straightforward
272.16 -> questions for you. First question. Interstitial
lung disease is an example of a restrictive or
279.36 -> obstructive lung disease? The answer
is restrictive. Question number two.
288.72 -> What do you call right ventricular enlargement
that occurs with pulmonary hypertension?
297.6 -> The answer is cor pulmonale. Hope you did well,
hope this video was helpful, and I'll see you
304.8 -> on another video soon. Thanks for watching.
I invite you to subscribe to our channel and share
310 -> a link with your classmates and friends in nursing
school. If you found value in this video, be sure
315.68 -> and hit the like button, and leave a comment and
let us know what you found particularly helpful.
