Pulmonary hypertension diagnosis Swan Ganz catheterization | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
Aug 24, 2023
Pulmonary hypertension diagnosis Swan Ganz catheterization | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy
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Content
2.207 -> - For diagnosing pulmonary hypertension,
4.551 -> we actually can advance a catheter
7.151 -> all the way into the area
10.229 -> and directly measure the pressure
11.843 -> in the pulmonary artery.
13.468 -> So really quickly, if we have our heart
16.768 -> divided into the four chambers,
19.833 -> the right atrium, right ventricle,
24.173 -> left atrium, and left ventricle,
27.796 -> the pulmonary arteries are plugged
30.409 -> right into the right ventricle.
32.707 -> In the anatomical heart, it's actually
34.53 -> plugged into the top
of the right ventricle
36.851 -> and it goes out this way.
38.373 -> but I've drawn it here just to show you
40.01 -> that it's connected to
the right ventricle.
42.193 -> So this is our pulmonary artery.
45.238 -> The right side of the
atrium, the right atrium
48.046 -> receives venous blood from the body.
51.658 -> So what we can do is access
this whole thing from the veins.
56.383 -> What we can do is insert a
catheter into a big vein,
59.401 -> usually one of the veins in this area,
62.036 -> in the arm or up here near
the shoulder and neck.
65.635 -> Wherever it is, the point is
67.283 -> to put this catheter into the vein.
70 -> Then under imaging we
can advance this catheter
73.739 -> along our venous tree.
76.479 -> It goes along bigger and bigger veins,
80.482 -> finally comes to the superior vena cava.
84.199 -> This basically goes right
into the right atrium.
87.798 -> This catheter is designed specifically
89.98 -> to measure pressure.
91.663 -> We can see the pressure
in the right atrium,
94.6 -> in the right ventricle,
in the pulmonary artery,
97.561 -> and we can even measure the left atrium.
101.055 -> These catheters are named after the people
102.982 -> who came up with the technique.
105.002 -> So they're called the Swan-Ganz catheters.
110.934 -> Their purpose is to measure
the pulmonary artery pressure,
113.801 -> and/or the pressures
in the other chambers.
116.435 -> This is basically diagnostic
for pulmonary hypertension,
119.616 -> because we're just worried about
121.833 -> if it crosses the threshold into abnormal.
124.817 -> So for an adult living at sea level,
127.3 -> let's be specific,
128.3 -> the normal pulmonary artery pressure
130.795 -> would be somewhere around 8 to 20.
134.917 -> Notice how this is a lot
less than the pressures
137.854 -> on the systemic side.
139.339 -> The left side of our
heart has to deal with
141.36 -> blood pressure levels, which
is 120, 140 in some people.
145.54 -> On the right side, we're
pumping into an area
148.117 -> that's normally 8 to 20 mmHg.
151.831 -> For pulmonary hypertension,
154.78 -> technically we define it as a value
158.32 -> that's above 25 mmHg as well.
163.631 -> But this varies widely
according to people.
166.928 -> It can change based on altitude.
168.449 -> It can change based on your height,
170.655 -> a lot of different factors.
172.117 -> But in general, the higher it is,
173.813 -> then the more hypertensive we are.
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NZlJJ4a40Ww
