The Difference between Cardiac Arrest, Heart Attack, and Heart Failure - 3D Animation
The Difference between Cardiac Arrest, Heart Attack, and Heart Failure - 3D Animation
Cardiac Arrest, Heart Attack, and Heart Failure all refer to a serious health crisis of the heart. However, all three have very different causes and treatments.
Sudden cardiac arrest occurs suddenly and often without warning. It is triggered by an electrical malfunction in the heart that causes an irregular heartbeat. With its pumping action disrupted, the heart cannot pump blood to the brain, lungs, and other organs. Seconds later, a person loses consciousness and has no pulse. Death will occur within minutes if the patient does not receive life-saving treatment.
A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when a blocked artery prevents oxygen-rich blood from getting to the heart. If the blood and oxygen supply is cut off severely or for an extended period of time, muscle cells of the heart suffer damage and begin to die. The longer a person goes without treatment, the greater the damage.
Heart failure refers to the heart’s inability to pump enough blood throughout the body. When this happens, blood often backs up causing swelling in the feet and legs and fluid built up in the lungs. This can cause shortness of breath. Heart failure occurs when certain heart conditions, such as high blood pressure or coronary artery disease, gradually affect the heart muscle, leaving it too weak or stiff to fill and pump blood the way it should.
00:00 Introduction
00:11 Cardiac Arrest (Sudden Death)
01:46 Heart Attack
03:03 Heart Failure
Content
0 -> Cardiac Arrest, Heart Attack, and Heart Failure
all refer to a serious health crisis of the heart.
7.26 -> However, all three have very
different causes and treatments.
12.36 -> In the most common cause of sudden death,
14.52 -> the two main pumping chambers
of the heart just stop pumping.
20.94 -> Here's the heart pumping blood
around the body working normally.
25.86 -> The two top chambers of the heart,
27.66 -> the Atria collect blood that is coming in
from the lungs and the rest of the body.
33.72 -> The Atria pump blood down into the
two bottom chambers, the ventricles.
39.48 -> The bigger and more powerful ventricles
pump blood to the entire body.
44.34 -> As long as the ventricles pump all the
blood the body needs, the body's happy.
50.4 -> Sometimes, however, the ventricles just stop
pumping. It's a condition called asystole.
58.2 -> More often, the ventricles start quivering.
They look just like a bag of wriggling worms.
64.26 -> They don't accomplish anything. They don't pump
blood. This is called ventricular fibrillation.
71.64 -> Often ventricular fibrillation begins with
the ventricles suddenly pumping very fast,
76.86 -> two to four times faster than normal.
80.04 -> This is called ventricular tachycardia.
Blood is still circulating.
86.28 -> But if ventricular tachycardia
turns into ventricular fibrillation,
90.24 -> the heart no longer pumps.
92.28 -> If the heart stops pumping for more
than several minutes, a person dies.
99.78 -> Fortunately, the heart sometimes
can be started up again.
104.94 -> A heart attack is almost always
caused by atherosclerotic plaque,
109.26 -> a buildup of cholesterol in the artery walls that
blocks blood flow through the coronary arteries.
115.68 -> Take a look at this spot. Right at
that spot, inside that coronary artery,
121.14 -> a plaque is threatening to block the
blood supply to a part of the heart.
125.76 -> Here's what causes most heart attacks.
We're looking at a coronary artery.
130.44 -> Here's a fairly small cholesterol filled plaque.
133.86 -> it's not interfering with blood flow much
at all, so it's not causing any symptoms.
139.86 -> Here is the pool of cholesterol inside the plaque
143.28 -> and this is a fibrous cap that grows over
the plaque and holds the cholesterol inside.
149.76 -> Sometimes inflammation inside the plaque weakens
the fibrous cap. Suddenly, the cap breaks.
156.36 -> When that happens, the cholesterol
inside spills out into the artery.
161.58 -> A blood clot forms where the cap has ruptured. The
clot plugs the artery and stops the blood flow.
169.02 -> The part of the heart that normally gets blood
from the arteries suddenly loses its blood supply.
175.44 -> Unless blood flow is restored, the heart
muscle can die and no longer pump effectively.
184.38 -> Heart failure occurs when either the left or
right side of the heart doesn't work properly.
191.04 -> When the left side of the heart isn't working
like it should, blood gets backed up in the lungs.
196.98 -> This makes you short of breath.
200.46 -> Also, not enough oxygen-rich
blood is getting to the body.
205.74 -> This causes fatigue.
210 -> Because the kidneys are getting too little blood,
212.34 -> they don't make enough urine,
so fluid builds up in the body.
217.74 -> This can cause swelling of the tissues most
easily recognized in the lower legs and feet.
224.82 -> When the right side of the heart isn't working
like it should, blood returning from the body
229.8 -> backs up in tissues throughout the body. This
too causes swelling in the lower legs and feet.
237.78 -> The sluggish flow of blood and heart failure also
can lead to blood clots forming in the heart.
243.78 -> They can travel to the brain and cause a stroke.
247.86 -> Blood clots can also form in the
legs and then travel to the lungs,
252.36 -> a potentially serious condition.
255.72 -> Finally, the failing heart can develop dangerous
heart rhythms that can cause sudden death.
