![EASY TRICK to Learn Congenital Heart Defects & Diseases [Pediatrics, Nursing, USMLE]](https://img.howtoclicks.com/vi_webp/iT7-Flw_BTU/sddefault.webp)
EASY TRICK to Learn Congenital Heart Defects & Diseases [Pediatrics, Nursing, USMLE]
EASY TRICK to Learn Congenital Heart Defects & Diseases [Pediatrics, Nursing, USMLE]
Congenital heart diseases (defects) made easy! Pediatric cardiac pathology, tetralogy of fallot, transposition of great arteries, tricuspid atresia, truncus arteriosus review for nursing, USMLE, NCLEX, COMLEX, medical students.
Congenital heart diseases are cardiac defects in the heart. We review a simple trick to remember the cyanotic congenital heart defects including:
Truncus Arteriosus, Transposition of Great Arteries, Tricuspid Atresia, Tetralogy of Fallot, and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return (TAPVR).
Congenital Heart Diseases:
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Timestamps:
00:00 Intro
00:24 Congenital Heart Defects/Diseases
01:45 Cyanotic Congenital Heart Defects
02:18 Truncus Arteriosus
03:26 Transposition of Great Arteries
04:44 Tricuspid Atresia
05:56 Tetralogy of Fallot
07:01 Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return
08:01 Summary/Recap
08:50 Notes/Study Guide
Thanks for watching!
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Content
0.399 -> welcome to another video where medical
2 -> topics are made easy today i'm going to
4.08 -> show you a simple trick to remember the
5.6 -> main cyanotic congenital heart defects
8.24 -> this commonly shows up on medical and
9.92 -> board exams so it's worth learning this
11.92 -> quick trick
13.04 -> you can find the notes and study guide
14.719 -> for this video linked down below
16.64 -> all of the videos come with notes that
18.32 -> you can use so make sure to hit that
20.16 -> subscribe button that way you don't miss
21.68 -> out so let's get right into it
24.72 -> congenital heart defects are structural
26.64 -> abnormalities of the heart or great
28.24 -> vessels occurring during fetal
29.76 -> development you may also hear of them
31.76 -> referred to as congenital heart diseases
33.84 -> or chd
35.44 -> chd can be subdivided into two types
38.239 -> cyanotic and acyonotic
40.64 -> cyanotic defects are heart defects in
42.719 -> which the blood pumped to the rest of
44.239 -> the body contains less than normal
46.16 -> amounts of oxygen
48 -> in other words the heart is pumping
49.52 -> mixed blood containing both oxygen pore
51.76 -> and oxygen rich blood to the rest of the
53.68 -> body
54.719 -> this can lead to cyanosis which is a
56.64 -> bluish discoloration of the skin
59.28 -> cyanotic heart defects contain right to
61.359 -> left shunts meaning deoxygenated blood
63.84 -> from the right heart mixes with
65.68 -> oxygenated blood in the left heart
67.92 -> this causes oxygen poor blood to get
70 -> delivered to the rest of the body
72.32 -> acyonotic defects are heart defects that
74.96 -> can affect the normal flow of blood but
77.2 -> blood oxygen levels delivered to the
78.88 -> body typically remain normal
81.52 -> acyonotic heart defects often contain
83.84 -> left to right shunts in which oxygenated
86.159 -> blood from the left heart mixes with
88.08 -> deoxygenated blood in the right heart
90.4 -> so with a cyanotic defects the blood
92.72 -> delivered to the rest of the body still
94.32 -> remains oxygen rich which is why there
96.4 -> is no cyanosis
98.479 -> in this video we're going to focus on
100.079 -> cyanotic congenital heart defects and go
102.399 -> over a simple memory trick to remember
104.159 -> them
106.079 -> here is a list of the main cyanotic
107.84 -> congenital heart defects in other words
110.32 -> they're the heart defects that can cause
111.92 -> cyanosis
113.28 -> the first trick is you can see they all
114.88 -> start with the letter t
116.479 -> so when you see a congenital heart
117.92 -> defect on an exam that starts with the t
120.399 -> there's a good chance it's a cyanotic
122 -> heart defect
123.439 -> now the cyanotic defects shown can be
125.36 -> tough to remember so let's go over a
127.2 -> trick to help you with this
129.28 -> the trick is to count them off on your
130.879 -> fingers let's go through the defects one
133.04 -> by one so you can see how it works the
135.28 -> time stamps for each defect are linked
137.04 -> below
138.879 -> the first cyanotic heart defect is
140.72 -> truncus arteriosus
142.64 -> you can hold up one finger to remember
144.4 -> this
145.28 -> truncus arteriosus is when one blood
147.44 -> vessel leaves the heart instead of two
150.08 -> you might remember from the anatomy of
151.519 -> the heart video that normally there are
153.44 -> two main arteries leaving the heart
155.599 -> the pulmonary artery leaves the right
157.28 -> side of the heart and delivers
158.8 -> deoxygenated blood to the lungs
161.12 -> and the aorta leaves the left side of
162.64 -> the heart and delivers oxygenated blood
164.8 -> to the rest of the body
166.959 -> however in truncus arteriosus the great
169.599 -> vessel coming out of the heart fails to
171.36 -> divide during development leaving a
173.28 -> connection between the aorta and
174.8 -> pulmonary artery
176.319 -> as a result there is a ventricular
177.92 -> septal defect or a hole between the
180 -> right and left ventricles and one great
182.08 -> vessel leaves the right and left
183.36 -> ventricle
184.879 -> as a result both oxygen-rich and poor
187.12 -> blood is delivered to the body and this
189.12 -> can lead to potential cyanosis
191.36 -> so again you can use the number one to
193.04 -> remember truncus arteriosus and one
195.44 -> great vessel leaving the heart if you
197.44 -> need more information on the normal
198.879 -> anatomy and blood flow through the heart
200.72 -> you can check out the previous videos in
202.4 -> the cardiology playlist it'll be linked
204.48 -> down below as well
206.879 -> the second cyanotic heart defect is
208.879 -> transposition of great arteries this
211.28 -> time you're going to hold up two fingers
212.959 -> and you can even cross your fingers to
214.56 -> represent the transposition
216.72 -> transposition of great arteries is when
218.72 -> the two main arteries leaving the heart
220.4 -> are transposed or reversed
223.12 -> remember we said the main pulmonary
224.799 -> artery normally leaves the right heart
226.56 -> and goes to the lungs and the aorta
228.4 -> leaves the left heart and goes to the
230 -> rest of the body
231.519 -> in transposition of great arteries the
233.68 -> pulmonary artery and aorta are reversed
236.08 -> so the main pulmonary artery arises from
238.159 -> the left ventricle instead of the right
240.239 -> and the aorta arises from the right
241.68 -> ventricle instead of the left
244.08 -> this creates two separate circuits where
246.4 -> deoxygenated blood and blue flows from
248.239 -> the right side of the heart to the rest
249.84 -> of the body instead of the lungs and
252.239 -> oxygenated blood in red flows from the
254 -> left side of the heart to the lungs
255.76 -> instead of the rest of the body
258 -> so there needs to be a connection
259.359 -> between the two circuits to allow for
261.12 -> oxygen rich and poor blood to mix
263.6 -> so there's typically a patent ductus
265.36 -> arteriosus or ventricular septal defect
268.08 -> present
269.04 -> as you can imagine this will lead to
270.479 -> deoxygenated blood being delivered to
272.08 -> the body and subsequent cyanosis
274.88 -> so again you can use the number two and
276.639 -> cross your fingers to remember
278.4 -> transposition of great arteries and how
280.639 -> the two great vessels are reversed or
282.479 -> transposed
284.96 -> the third cyanotic heart defect is
286.88 -> tricuspid atresia for this you'll hold
289.36 -> up three fingers
290.72 -> tricuspid atresia is a congenital heart
292.8 -> defect in which the tricuspid valve
294.8 -> fails to form remember in our medical
297.199 -> terminology video the prefix tri means
299.68 -> three so holding up three fingers will
301.919 -> help you remember tricuspid atresia
304.56 -> remember from the anatomy of the heart
306.08 -> video that there is a valve between the
307.919 -> right atrium and right ventricle called
309.84 -> the tricuspid valve
311.68 -> in tricuspid atresia the tricuspid valve
314.479 -> fails to form and blood from the right
316.639 -> atrium cannot enter the right ventricle
319.44 -> instead there is an atrial septal defect
321.759 -> or a hole which allows blood to pass
323.84 -> from the right atrium to the left atrium
326.72 -> so now the oxygen poor blood from the
328.56 -> right heart mixes with the oxygen-rich
330.479 -> blood in the left heart leading to
332.32 -> decreased oxygen levels in the blood
334.16 -> going to the rest of the body and this
336.16 -> can lead to cyanosis there are different
338.72 -> types of tricuspid atresia but the right
341.039 -> ventricle is typically underdeveloped
343.039 -> and a ventricular septal defect allows
345.199 -> blood from the left ventricle to enter
347.12 -> the right ventricle and pulmonary artery
349.6 -> so again you can use three fingers to
351.28 -> remember tricuspid atresia and how the
353.52 -> tricuspid valve fails to form
356.96 -> the fourth cyanotic defect is tetralogy
359.199 -> of flow for this you'll hold up four
361.12 -> fingers tetralogy of flow is a tetrad of
363.68 -> four heart defects remember in our
365.84 -> medical terminology video the prefix
367.84 -> tetra means four so holding up four
370.16 -> fingers will help you remember tetralogy
371.919 -> of fellow and that it's a tetrad
374.56 -> the tetrad includes pulmonary stenosis
377.12 -> which is narrowing of the pulmonary
378.639 -> valve and main pulmonary artery
380.8 -> right ventricular hypertrophy which is
383.039 -> thickening of the ventricle wall
385.12 -> overriding aorta which refers to the
387.44 -> enlarged aortic valve that seems to open
389.52 -> from both ventricles and sits on top of
391.759 -> the ventricular septal defect which
394.24 -> brings us to the ventricular septal
395.84 -> defect which is a hole in the wall
397.84 -> between the right and left ventricle
400.08 -> the pulmonary stenosis right ventricular
402.16 -> hypertrophy and ventricular septal
404.24 -> defect can alter pressure gradients and
407.12 -> allow oxygen poor blood to travel from
409.199 -> the right ventricle to the left side of
410.96 -> the heart and this can lead to cyanosis
414.24 -> so again you can use four fingers to
416.08 -> remember tetralogy of flow and how there
418.319 -> is a tetrad of four cardiac
420.759 -> defects the fifth cyanotic heart defect
423.52 -> is total anomalous pulmonary venous
425.52 -> return you can hold up five fingers to
427.599 -> remember this because there are five
429.12 -> words that make up the defect
431.12 -> this is when the pulmonary veins connect
432.8 -> to the systemic venous system rather
434.639 -> than the left atrium
436.639 -> normally the four pulmonary veins
438.319 -> deliver oxygenated blood from the lungs
440.16 -> to the left atrium in ta pvr the
443.039 -> pulmonary veins do not connect to the
444.72 -> left atrium
446 -> instead they connect to the systemic
447.759 -> venous system
449.199 -> as a result the oxygenated blood from
450.88 -> the lungs mixes with the deoxygenated
452.88 -> venous blood from the body and the mixed
454.96 -> blood flows back to the right atrium
457.52 -> since the pulmonary veins are not
458.88 -> delivering blood to the left atrium
460.88 -> there is usually an atrial septal defect
462.96 -> present to allow blood to travel from
464.8 -> the right atrium to the left atrium
467.52 -> remember the right atrial blood in this
469.12 -> case is mixed oxygen rich and oxygen
471.52 -> poor blood
472.639 -> so the left side of the heart is
474 -> receiving less than normal oxygenated
475.759 -> blood and delivering it to the rest of
477.599 -> the body
478.56 -> and this can cause cyanosis
481.919 -> so these are the five main cyanotic
483.68 -> congenital heart defects they all start
486 -> with the letter t and you can count them
487.68 -> off on your fingers
489.039 -> hit pause in the video and try to name
490.639 -> all five and what their main defect is
492.639 -> using the counting method
494.879 -> use one finger to remember truncus
496.56 -> arteriosus which is one great vessel
498.879 -> leaving the heart instead of two
501.12 -> use two fingers and cross them to
502.72 -> remember transposition of great arteries
505.039 -> which is when the pulmonary artery and
506.56 -> aorta are transposed or reversed
509.28 -> use three fingers to remember tricuspid
511.28 -> atresia which is when the tricuspid
513.279 -> valve fails to form
515.039 -> use four fingers to remember tetralogy
517.039 -> of flow which is a tetrad of cardiac
519.36 -> defects
520.719 -> use five fingers to remember total
522.479 -> anomalous pulmonary venous return which
524.8 -> is when the pulmonary veins connect to
526.399 -> the systemic venous system rather than
528.399 -> the left atrium
530.64 -> hopefully this gave you an easy way to
532.24 -> remember the main cyanotic congenital
534.08 -> heart defects if you found the trick
536 -> useful please hit that like button and
537.519 -> leave a comment make sure to subscribe
539.6 -> to not only catch future videos but also
541.92 -> all the videos come with notes and study
543.6 -> guides that you don't want to miss out
544.88 -> on the notes and study guide for this
547.04 -> video are linked below
548.64 -> thanks for watching and hope you check
550.32 -> out future videos
Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iT7-Flw_BTU