Coronary Artery Disease | NCLEX Review
Coronary Artery Disease | NCLEX Review
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Content
0.14 -> Hi, and welcome to this video review of coronary artery disease.
4.2 -> Let’s begin.
10.1 -> Coronary artery disease, or CAD, is a vascular disorder that narrows, or occludes, the arteries of the heart.
17.2 -> Atherosclerosis, which is plaque accumulation within the arterial wall,
22.14 -> is the most common cause of coronary artery disease.
25.36 -> Narrowing, or occlusion, of the coronary artery leads to an imbalance in coronary blood supply
31.18 -> and demand of oxygen and nutrients which can lead to myocardial ischemia or infarction.
36.84 -> Patients experiencing myocardial ischemia or infarction may present with pain or tightness in their chest,
44.66 -> jaw, abdomen, or left arm.
47.7 -> These patients may also be clammy, diaphoretic, nauseous and vomiting, may also complain of
55.32 -> palpitations, shortness of breath, anxiety, fatigue, and more.
61.3 -> It is important to keep in mind that women often present with atypical heart attack symptoms
66.86 -> and may not complain of chest pain.
69.1 -> Myocardial ischemia and infarction can lead to heart failure.
73.72 -> As the muscle is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, due to narrowed or occluded arteries,
79.02 -> the muscle becomes less compliant and loses the ability to supply adequate blood flow to the rest of the body.
85.9 -> Patients with heart failure often present with fatigue, hypertension or hypotension, dyspnea, edema,
93.72 -> and pulmonary congestion.
95.38 -> Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease are typically prescribed multiple medications to prevent
101.18 -> worsening blockage and heart damage.
103.52 -> Medications for coronary artery disease include: statins, which end in “-statin,” like atorvastatin;
112.52 -> antiplatelet medication or blood thinners, like Aspirin or Plavix;
117.16 -> beta blockers, which end in “-lol,” like metoprolol;
122.04 -> calcium channel blockers, which often (but not always) end with “-dipine,” like amlodipine;
130.92 -> nitrates, like nitroglycerin or isosorbide mononitrate;
135.9 -> angiotensin—converting enzyme inhibitors, also called ACE inhibitors—
141.76 -> ACE inhibitors typically end with “-pril,” like enalapril;
146.42 -> angiotensin II receptor blockers—also called ARBs—
151.42 -> ARBs typically end with “-sartan,” like losartan.
156.54 -> Let’s consider some modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease.
162.3 -> Nonmodifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease include advanced age, family history, male gender,
171.44 -> or female gender after menopause.
174.22 -> Modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease include cigarette smoking, hypertension,
181.58 -> dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and a diet high in fat, sodium, and sugar.
192.34 -> These modifiable risk factors should be discussed with patients,
196.12 -> and as a nurse you should always be on the lookout for these risk factors in your patients.
202.52 -> These modifiable risk factors present a great opportunity to educate your patient on their risk
208.92 -> and how they can make lifestyle changes to decrease coronary artery risk.
214.1 -> Now let’s try a couple of practice questions.
217.08 -> Which patient would you be most concerned about having coronary artery disease?
223.12 -> A. A 40-year-old premenopausal female with no family history of heart disease.
229.44 -> B. A 55-year-old male with obesity, hypertension, and who currently smokes 1 pack per day
238.56 -> C. A 70-year-old male with a history of GERD who maintains a healthy diet
250.3 -> If you selected B, that is correct!
252.82 -> A 55-year-old male with obesity, hypertension, and current tobacco use is at an increased
259.9 -> risk for coronary artery disease.
262.16 -> This patient needs education on his modifiable risk factors for coronary artery disease.
267.52 -> Let’s try another question.
269.12 -> You see a patient with a history of coronary artery disease,
272.62 -> you would expect to see all of the following medications on the patient’s profile except…
278.84 -> A. Isosorbide mononitrate
282.52 -> B. Aspirin
285.24 -> C. Citalopram
288.38 -> D. Labetalol
293.92 -> If you answered C, citalopram, that is correct!
298 -> Patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease may be prescribed isosorbide mononitrate,
304.12 -> Aspirin, and labetalol.
306.46 -> Treatment for coronary artery disease does not typically include citalopram.
311.38 -> Thanks for watching this video on coronary artery disease.
314.48 -> Please like and subscribe for more videos
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Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FYieeGJZ9Bc