Angina - Medical-Surgical - Cardiovascular System | @LevelUpRN
Angina - Medical-Surgical - Cardiovascular System | @LevelUpRN
Angina, including the pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and patient teaching associated with angina. The difference in symptoms between angina and myocardial infarction.
Our Medical-Surgical video tutorial series is taught by Cathy Parkes BSN, RN, CWCN, PHN and intended to help RN and PN nursing students study for their nursing school exams, including the ATI, HESI and NCLEX.
0:00 What to Expect with Angina 0:21 Angina 0:49 Stable 1:04 Unstable 1:18 Variant 1:30 Angina vs. MI 2:00 Risk Factors of Angina 2:14 Diagnosis/ Medication 3:14 Patient Teaching 3:29 Quiz Time!
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Content
0.32 -> Hi. I'm Cathy with Level Up RN. In this video,
we are going to talk about angina. And at the
5.76 -> end of the video, I'm going to give you guys
a little quiz to test your knowledge of some
10.16 -> of the key facts I'll be covering in this
video. So definitely stay tuned for that.
14.4 -> And if you have our Level Up RN
medical-surgical nursing flashcards,
18.48 -> pull those out so you can follow along with me.
Angina is chest pain due to ischemic heart
25.28 -> disease. So the pathophysiology behind angina
is that we have atherosclerosis, the formation
32.96 -> of plaque on the arterial walls such that
we have narrowing or blockage of blood flow
40.32 -> through the coronary artery, and this decreases
the amount of oxygen that the heart is getting,
46.56 -> which causes that chest pain. There are
three different types of angina. We have
51.92 -> stable angina, which is where the patient
has chest pain that occurs with exercise
58.48 -> and is relieved with nitroglycerin or by resting.
Then we have unstable angina, which is where the
66.48 -> chest pain occurs with exercise or with rest, and
over time, this pain will increase in duration,
75.52 -> frequency, or severity. And then finally,
we have variant angina, which is caused
81.36 -> by spasming of the coronary artery. And with
variant angina, chest pain will occur at rest.
90.48 -> In terms of differentiating angina
from a myocardial infarction or MI,
96.32 -> if the patient has chest pain that is unrelieved
by rest or the administration of nitroglycerin,
103.44 -> and if that chest pain lasts more than 30 minutes,
then that is indicative of an MI versus just
110.16 -> angina. In addition, MIs often have other
symptoms, such as shortness of breath, nausea,
116.56 -> and vomiting, as well as diaphoresis. Risk factors
associated with angina include older age, family
124.48 -> history, immobility, as well as heart disease and
hypertension and obesity and diabetes as well.
133.28 -> Diagnostic tests that can be used include an EKG,
a stress test, as well as a coronary angiogram.
141.36 -> Terms of medications used to treat angina.
Sublingual nitroglycerin is going to be an
147.12 -> important one to remember. We need to provide
the patient with specific instructions
152.32 -> on how to use this medication. So they can take up
to three tablets for chest pain. So when they're
159.36 -> having chest pain, they should stop any activity
and rest. They can put one tablet underneath their
165.12 -> tongue and then wait five minutes. If the
pain is unrelieved, they should call 911,
171.44 -> and then they can put a second pill under their
tongue. Wait five minutes again. If the pain is
176.8 -> still unrelieved, they can put a third tablet
under their tongue. Other medications used to
183.2 -> treat angina include antihypertensive agents such
as beta-blockers and calcium-channel blockers.
190.32 -> Anticoagulants and statins are also
used. In terms of patient teaching,
195.52 -> we want to advise them to consume a heart-healthy
diet, they should lose weight if applicable,
201.84 -> and they should reduce their stress if
possible. And if they use tobacco products,
206.88 -> they should definitely stop using those.
All right. It's quiz time. I have
212.08 -> three questions for you. What type of
angina occurs with exercise or at rest
218.56 -> and increases in duration, frequency, or severity
over time? The answer is unstable angina.
229.28 -> Question number two. Chest pain
unrelieved by rest or nitroglycerin
234.88 -> and lasting more than 30 minutes is indicative
of what? The answer is a myocardial infarction.
245.68 -> Question number three, how many nitroglycerin
tablets can be taken for angina? The answer is
255.2 -> up to three. And if you recall, they put the first
one underneath their tongue. Wait five minutes.
261.68 -> If their pain is unrelieved, they need to call
911, then they can put the second tablet under
266.96 -> their tongue. Wait five minutes again. And
if no relief, they can do a third tablet.
273.44 -> Okay. I hope this video has been helpful.
If so, be sure to like this video
277.84 -> and leave me a comment, because I always
love to hear from people who watch my videos.
282.32 -> Take care and good luck with studying.
I invite you to subscribe to our channel and share
287.44 -> a link with your classmates and friends in nursing
school. If you found value in this video, be sure
293.2 -> and hit the like button, and leave a comment and
let us know what you found particularly helpful.
